GAP ANALYSIS IN BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF PAS SYSTEM
Yo. Onon1, B. Chimed Ochir1, D. Sanjmyatav1, B. Chimeddorj1, N. Batsaikhan2, D. Batbold3, T. Hertzman4
1WWF Mongolia Programme Office, Ulaanbatar, Mongolia,
2National University of Mongolia,Ulaanbatar, Mongolia.
3Ministry of Nature, Environment and Tourism, Ulaanbatar,Mongolia,
4Independent Advisor

THE GEO-ECOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION TRENDS OF NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS IN THE BAIKAL LAKE BASIN
T.P. Kalikhman1, B. Oyungerel2
1Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia,
2 Institute of Geography MAS, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia,
Summary
The paper presents an analysis of the ecosystems’ inclusion into natural protected areas (NPA’s) borders, the valuation of ecosystems conservation levels, a comparison of Russian and Mongolian institutional conditions (the law and management), and also is showing the short characteristic of functioning and planning of NPA’s.

INTERNATIONAL AND BILATERAL STRICTLY PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS: WORLD EXPERIENCE AND PERSPECTIVES OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT
V. M. Neronov, A. A. Lushchekina
The A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, Moscow, Russia,
Summary
In the paper the World experience in creating transboundary protected areas is considering. The special attention paid to some international and regional meetings’ recommendations, which are necessary to implement for efficient development of transboundary cooperation of neighboring countries. Authors mentioned favorable perspectives in cooperation of Mongolia and Russia within the East-Asian Biosphere Reserves Network of UNESCO.

OPTIMIZATION OF RECREATIONAL MANAGEMENT IN THE BAIKAL LAKE BASIN AND ON ADJACENT TERRITORIES OF RUSSIA AND MONGOLIA
D.V. Sevastjanov
St.-Petersburg State University, St.-Petersburg, Russia,
Summary
Recently in Russia and in Mongolia more and more attention given to problems of nature protection and recreation and tourism development. Recreational nature management became the direction of economy based on rational use of natural resources, suitable for a recreation: for restoration of forces and health of people, for sanatorium treatment and various kinds of rest (active and passive). Both in Russia and in Mongolia until now the development of ecological tourism occur spontaneously. But gradually interest of the countries in conservation of biodiversity and rational use of recreational potential of territories, to development of the ecotourism kinds at the base of strictly protected areas and with an increase of «the organized travel to the nature» increases. In both countries the basin of the lake Baikal enjoy the increased interest of the Russian and foreign tourists, including also the lake of Huvsgol, and river system of the Selenga, connecting these largest lakes of Russia and Mongolia. The international tourist flow in this region permanently increases. Measures of optimization of nature management problems and development of joint recreational nature use in the lake Baikal basin offered. Author has shown, that the optimization of transboundary recreational nature management will give a new impulse to a development of economy of northern areas of Mongolia and areas adjacent to the lake Baikal in Russia.

EXPERIENCE OF COOPERATION BETWEEN TRANSBOUNDARY RESERVES OF UBSUNUUR DEPRESSION
V.I. Kanzai1, A.S. Shishikin2
1. State Nature Biosphere Reserve “Ubsunurskaya kotlovina”, Kyzyl, Russia,
2.Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia,
Summary
One of the key territories of the Altai-Sayan ecoregion is the mountain country which includes Uvs and Bayan-Olgii Aimags (Provinces) of Mongolia, Kosh-Agach (Altai Republic) and Mongoun-Taiga (Tyva Republic) regions of Russian Federation. This territory is the transboundary area of snow leopard and argali’s habitats. Since 2004 the researches and monitoring programs of snow leopard and argali are carrying out at the base of the Agreement on collaboration between the State Nature Biosphere reserve “Ubsunurskaya kotlovina” (Russia) and Uvs Lake Protected Areas (Mongolia).According to this Agreement, in June-August 2010 two reserves with support of the Government of Tyva Republic, Administration of Uvs Aimag, WWF and UNDP/GEF Mongolia implemented the international project exchange of ecological groups of children from Russian and Mongolian schools. Also within the Agreement and Governments’ decisions, both reserves are prepared a draft of intergovernmental Russian-Mongolian agreement for creation of a transboundary biosphere reserve.

STRICTLY PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS OF MONGOLIA: CURRENT STATE AND PERSPECTIVES OF DEVELOPMENT
A. Namkhai1, Ya. Adiya2
1Ministry of Nature, Environment and Tourism of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia,
2Institute of Biology, МAS, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia,

Summary
This article touches issues related with legal environment and system of protection management and organization of Mongolia’s Special Protected Areas, and it also focuses on encountering problems and scientific values of Special Protected Areas. Presently, 14.4% of whole territory of Mongolia or 22.5 million hectares of land is taken under state special protection, and the state also assumes responsibility on the protection management. As the GAP analyze shows, there still exist problems such as there is not enough scientific foundation for taking territories under special protection, lack of international standard management, although the state takes certain measures for Special Protected Areas by strengthening financial capacity, management and material base of Administrations of Special Protected Areas. The paper also covers difficulties that Mongolia’s Special Protected Areas encounter and mentions ways of overcoming the problems as well.

The review describes the structure (diversity, abundance, mass and size-structure) and main functions of soil organism communities. The main functional (key) groups are stressed and described: chemical engineers, biological regulators and ecosystem engineers.

SACRED SITES AND THEIR ROLE IN CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN MONGOLIA
N. Urtnasan
Culture and Arts Committee, Ministry of Culture, Education and Science of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia,
Summary
This paper focuses on its objectives on clarifying the identification and value, importance of the sacred sites in the conservation of natural and cultural heritages and sustainable development. Also, it will consider as an appropriate traditional way for protect the diversity of biological resource and culture as well as to support the balance between social development and environment. For a clear and precise understanding, the present paper has four parts as below.

CURRENT STATUS OF MANAGEMENT OF SPA IN MONGOLIA
(AT EXAMPLE OF KHUBSUGUL NATIONAL PARK)
B. Oyungerel, O. Munkhdulam
Institute of Geography MAN, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, oyun_bad@ yahoo.com,

Summary
Among 65 strictly protected areas established up to now in Mongolia there are 12 reserves and 24 national parks. They are attracting increasing number of tourists and to avoid negative impact of them it is necessary to improve a system of their management. Based on their studies in Khubsugul National Park authors proposed different measures to guarantee conservation of rare plant and animal species and protected landscapes. One of proposed tasks is strengthening transboundary cooperation between Khunbsugul (Mongolia) and Tunkin (Russia) national parks.

PROTECTION OF BIOLOGICAL AND LANDSCAPE DIVERSITY IN MONGOLIA AND PERSPECTIVES OF COOPERATION OF STRICTLY PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS OF MONGOLIA AND RUSSIA
(The International conference “Ecological consequences of biosphere processes in the ecotone zone of Southern Siberia and Central Asia”)
V. M. Neronov
A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, Moscow, Russia,
rusmabcom@gmail/com
Summary
In Ulan-Bator during 6-8 September 2010 there was convened the International conference “Ecological consequences of biosphere processes in the ecotone zone of Southern Siberia and Central Asia” dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the Joint Russian-Mongolian Complex Biological Expedition organized by Russian and Mongolian Academies of Sciences. Briefly main results of long-term researches of this largest in the World expedition conducted during the past years are given. In the Conference Program there was included a special section on “The present state of natural protected areas network and prospects of its development”. Below there are abstracts of 11 presented papers and the list of practical recommendations for improving biodiversity conservation, organizing ecological monitoring and ensuring sustainable development proposed by participants for implementing in Mongolia and Russia and on the international level.

MEDIEVAL NATURE RESERVES OF CENTRAL ASIA
Yu.I. Drobyshev, S.-Kh.D. Syrtypova
Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Moscow, Russia,

Summary
The tradition of reserving the territories in Central Asia may be aged about 2000 or even more years. From the very beginning, the reservations for nomadic society had two reasons ―– to keep the nature for special using by nobility or in an extreme moment and to scarify some spots for religious aims. Anywhere, the tradition of nature reserves (qoriγ/darqan) in Mongolia and Central Asia has an autochthonic character.

CONSERVATION NEEDS FOR AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES IN PROTECTED AREAS OF MONGOLIA
Kh. Munhbayar1, Kh. Terbish2, M. Munkhbaatar1
1 Mongolian State University of Education,, Department of Biology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia khmunkhbayar@msue.edu.mn;
2 Mongolian State University, Department of Eco-tourism, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia,

Summary
In Mongolia there are known 6 species of amphibians and 21 species of reptiles. With an allowance for risk of climate changes and increased human activities the results of assessment of different populations and recommendations elaborated for improving their conservation, including within protected areas, presented in the paper.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF BAIKAL REGION – STRATEGY OF INTELLECT
Mantatova L.V.1, Angarkhaev А.А. 2

1 Secretary of Conference Organizing Committee, Dr., professor, chair of Department “Philoso-phy”, Eastern Siberian State Technological University
2 Deputy Director of Institute on Sustainable Development of Eastern Siberian State
Technological University

Summary
The International Conference on World Sustainable Development: Global and Regional Issues
was held in Ulan Ude on July 8-11, 2010. The conference was devoted to the sustainable development of Lake Baikal Region as the World Heritage Site. The conference included 10 workshops devoted to various aspects of regional sustainable development. More than 200 atten-dants participated in the Conference. The main subject-matters presented and discussed during the Conference are analysed.
This article was published in the newspaper “Buryatia”, No. 176, 25 September, 2010

FOUR RINGS STRESS BAIKAL ECOSYSTEM
The survey in Internet by Sergey Sokolov and Sergey SHARAKSHANE
http://www.philgazeta.ru/numbers/08.2010/kolca_04.php

Summary
The debatable survey published in Internet of some presentations and problems discussed at the international conference devoted to the sustainable development of Lake Baikal Region as the World Heritage Site which was held in Ulan- Ude on July 8-11, 2010.

V. Gorokhova, O. Marakaev
Wetlands of Yaroslavl Region: State and Conservation: monograph / V. Gorokhova, O. Marakaev. — P. G. Demidov
Yaroslavl State University. — Yaroslavl: YSU, 2009. — 160 p.
The book contains data about wetlands in Yaroslavl Region (Central European part of Russia) considered as unique
ecosystems. The features of bog flora and fauna and their genesis are described. The authors analyze wetland types, laws of
their distribution, opportunities for use as peat deposits, farm and forest lands, hydrological objects and species habitats. So
the wetlands are analyzed as the resource: peat, agricultural, chemical, water, land, biological, informational and recreational
one. A detailed characteristic of the Region’s protected wetlands is given in the book including cadastre data which are deter-
mined by «Rules of State Cadastre for Protected Areas».
The publication can be used by biologists, ecologists, experts in the sphere of wetlands study, those interested in sustain-
able nature management and wetlands conservation.
The book includes 2 tables, 23 pictures, 96 photos, 3 annexes and 229 sources of information.